Nivo ekološkog obrazovanja učenika u Republici Severnoj Makedoniji

Abstract

Na osnovu kvalitativne i kvantitativne analize 36 dokumenata koji se odnose na ekološko obrazovanje, Srbinovski M. (2004) je definisao pojam ekološkog obrazovanja na sledeći način: „Ekološko obrazovanje je proces razvoja aktivnog učenja u kome pojedinci i grupe stiču potrebna znanja, razumevanje, stavove i veštine za odlučno, motivisano, odgovorno i, pre svega, zajedničko delanje u smeru postizanja i održavanja dinamičke ravnoteže u životnoj sredini”. Ova definicija uključuje sve bitne komponente (stavove, razumevanje, znanje, veštine i delanje) ekološke pismenosti kao krajnjeg cilja ekološkog obrazovanja. Cilj istraživanja je da se ispita nivo ekološkog obrazovanja učenika iz Republike Severne Makedonije. Procena se vršila kroz sledeće parametre: ekološko znanje, stepen ekološke informisanosti učenika, stavovi, konativna komponenta i zadovoljstvo učenika životnom sredinom. U istraživanju je korišćeno nekoliko instrumenata sa relativno dobrim metričkim karakteristikama: test ekološkog znanja, test ekološke informisanosti učenika, skala ekološke vrednosti, skala zadovoljstva učenika životnom sredinom i skala spremnosti učenika na akciju kada je životna sredina ugrožena. U istraživanju su korišćene osnovne statističke metode: metoda uzorka i metoda srednjih vrednosti. Uzorak se sastojao od 1003 učenika iz 38 škola iz Republike Severne Makedonije. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata može se zaključiti da su učenici iz ovih škola osvojili oko 60% poena, što govori o srednjem nivou ekološkog obrazovanja. Najbolje razvijene komponente kod učenika su ekološka orijentacija i konativna komponenta. Rezultati mogu poslužiti za prepoznavanje aktivnosti koje bi doprinele unapređivanju ekološkog obrazovanja i vaspitanja u Republici Severnoj Makedoniji. Preciznije, oni ukazuju na različitu percepciju učenika i nastavnika u procesu vaspitanja i obrazovanja koje se odnosi na zaštitu i unapređivanje životne sredine.

Based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of 36 documents related to environmental education, M. Srbinovski (2004) defined the term “environmental education” in the following way: “Environmental education is a developing process of active learning in which individuals and groups acquire the necessary knowledge, understanding, attitudes and skills for a determined, motivated, responsible, and above all, joint action towards obtaining and maintaining a dynamic balance in the environment”. This definition includes all essential components (attitudes, awareness, knowledge, skills and action) of environmental literacy as the ultimate goal of environmental education. The aim of the research is to examine the level of environmental education of students from the Republic of Northern Macedonia. The assessment was carried out through the following parameters: ecological knowledge, students’ level of ecological awareness, attitudes, conative component and students’ satisfaction with the environment. This was done using several instruments with relatively good metric characteristics: Environmental knowledge test; Test of the students’ level of environmental awareness; Scale of environmental values among the students; Scale of the students’ satisfaction with some elements of environment and Scale of the students’ readiness to take action to protect environment. The basic statistical methods were used in the research: method of the sample and methods of the mean values. 1003 students from 38 schools from the Republic of North Macedonia took part in the research. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that students from these schools earned about 60% of the points, or have intermediate level of environmental education. The best developed students’ components are ecological orientation and conative component. The results can help identify the activities for improving environmental education and upbringing in our country. More specifically, they point to different positions of students and teachers in the process of upbringing and education regarding the protection and improvement of environment.