Development of graphomotor abilities of pre-school children

Abstract

Complex graph motor activities represent the abilities of correct graph formation of letters with hands and writing tool (pencil, pen, etc.), and a complex psychomotor ability in which many muscles of the hand and fingers are involved, and all of them are coordinated with the complex nerv system - from cortex to fingers. Adequately developed graph motor abilities, according to many authors, has significant role in mastering skills of writing. Considering this, the aim of this paper was to determine quality of development graph motor abilities of drawing, i.e. copying shapes of children of pre-school age. Apart from this, in our Research we tried to observe whether there is difference according to the gender in the level of developing graph motor abilities. During performing the task, we have recorded in which way children hold pencils in their hands. The sample is justifiable and is consisted of sixty-five children attending pre-school programme in the pre-school institutions in Belgrade. We applied IV sup test for drawing shapes AKADIA test of developmental abilities. Results show that drawing shapes is developed above average among the interviewed children and confirm gradation in developing graph motor abilities. Given results point at the fact that there is no distinction according to the genre when we talk about development of drawing shapes. Nevertheless, given results about the posture of the pencil during performing tasks are to be concerned about. It has been determined that 44 of interviewees have inadequate posture for holding a pencil. Given results, open many significant Research questions about the role and importance of these graph motor abilities, as well as about the significance of correct holding a pencil, for the purpose of successful skill of writing of children at the upper school age.

Složena grafomotorna aktivnost predstavlja sposobnost pravilnog grafičkog oblikovanja slova rukom i sredstvom za pisanje (olovkom, perom, itd.), ali i složenu psihomotornu sposobnost u kojoj učestvuje veliki broj mišića ruke, šake i prstiju, a sve njih koordinira složeni nervni sistem - od korteksa do prstiju. Adekvatno razvijena grafomotorna sposobnost prema saznanjima mnogih autora ima značajnu ulogu u uspešnom ovladavanju veštinom pisanja. S tim u vezi, cilj rada bio je da utvrdimo kvalitet razvijenosti grafomotorne sposobnosti crtanja odnosno precrtavanja oblika dece predškolskog uzrasta. Osim toga, istraživanjem smo nastojali da sagledamo da li postoji razlika prema polu u nivou razvijenosti grafomotorne sposobnosti. Prilikom izvođenja zadataka evidentirali smo način na koji deca drže olovku u ruci. Uzorak je prigodan i čini ga šezdeset petoro dece koja pohađaju pripremni predškolski program u trima predškolskim ustanovama u Beogradu. U istraživanju je primenjen IV suptest Crtanje oblika AKADIA testa razvojnih sposobnosti. Rezultati ukazuju na to da je crtanje oblika razvijeno iznad proseka kod ispitivane dece i potvrđuju postupnost u razvoju ispitivane grafomotorne sposobnosti. Dobijeni podaci ukazuju na nepostojanje razlike prema polu kada je u pitanju ravijenost sposobnosti crtanja oblika. Međutim, dobijeni podaci o položaju olovke tokom izvođenja zadataka su zabrinjavajući. Ustanovljeno je da čak 44 ispitanika ima nepravilan hvat olovke. Dobijeni nalazi otvaraju mnoga istraživačka pitanja o ulozi i značaju ove grafomotorne sposobnosti, kao i o značaju ispravnog hvata olovke u ruci za uspešno ovladavanje veštinom pisanja dece na kasnijem školskom uzrastu.