Application of the methods of neurofeedback of the children with specific disabilities in learning

Abstract

Changes occurring in contemporary society refer to the introducing and using some new teaching methods and techniques as well as technologies of education and learning. The aim of each kind of education is to advance the process of learning. This is particularly significant for the children with specific difficulties in learning. Difficulties in learning do not represent a specified term but they represent a category including many specific disabilities which cause difficulties in learning, i.e. significantly influence difficulties in learning, i.e. significantly influence adoption of school skills apart from average or beyond average intelligence of the suitable be senor or motor function and suitable conditions of learning... In this paper, we have given a short theoretical review on the problems of special disabilities and contemporary commuter method of neurofeedback. as well as possibilities of its application in work with children with difficulties in learning. Application of this method is based on following bio-electrical activity of the brain (EEG) and giving feedback. This method is based on the basic assumptions: (1) bio-electrical activities of the brain (cerebral waves) represent some mental states (2) those activities can be trained. Application of the feedback has the aim of exercising recognition in which extent the brain functions, recognition understanding the activity state and exercising willing change into other state we need for certain activity. Also, with the application of this method, motivation of students is extended, individual needs of students are covered concerning learning better achievement is established and all the actors in the educational process are supported.

Promene koje se u savremenom društvu dešavaju odražavaju se i na uvođenje i korišćenje nekih novih nastavnih metoda i tehnika, postupaka i tehnologija obrazovanja i učenja. Cilj svakog obrazovnog sistema je da unapredi proces učenja. Ovo je posebno značajno kada su u pitanju deca sa specifičnim smetnjama u učenju. Smetnje u učenju ne predstavljaju specifičan pojam, već kategoriju koja sadrži više specifičnih poremećaja koji uzrokuju teškoće u učenju, odnosno značajno utiču na usvajanje školskih veština i pored prosečne ili nadprosečne inteligencije, odgovarajućeg senzornog i motornog funkcionisanja i odgovarajućih uslova za učenje. U radu smo dali kratki teorijski prikaz problema specifičnih smetnji u učenju i savremene kompjuterizovane metode-neurofidbek (neurofeedback), kao i mogućnosti njegove primene u radu sa decom sa problemima u učenju. Primena ove metode bazira se na praćenju bioelektrične aktivnosti mozga (EEG-a) i davanju povratne informacije (feedback). Ova metoda je zasnovana na osnovnim pretpostavkama: (1) da bioelektrične aktivnosti mozga (moždani talasi) odražavaju određena mentalna stanja i (2) da se te aktivnosti mogu trenirati. Primena neurofidbeka ima cilj: da se uvežba prepoznavanje u kom opsegu mozak funkcioniše, prepoznavanje doživljavanja stanja aktivnosti i uvežbavanje voljnog prelaska u ono stanje koje nam je potrebno za određenu aktivnost. Takođe, primenom ove metode povećava se motivisanost učenika za školu, obezbeđuje se pokrivanje individualnih potreba učenika u savlađivanju nastavnog programa, postiže bolje školsko postignuće i daje podrška svim akterima u obrazovnom procesu.